non-slip element balloon

A non-slip element balloon (NSE) has three spinous elements arranged at 120° intervals, typically made of polymer material. During balloon inflation, these spinous elements compress the plaque, creating cracks and preventing balloon slippage. The spinous elements are only connected to both ends of the balloon; rotating the balloon during use can cause entanglement of the spinous elements. There is also a risk of entanglement when the second guidewire passes through the balloon. To avoid entanglement, it is not recommended to use NSE within the stent mesh. When NSE is used for post-stent dilation, entanglement between the spinous elements and the distal stent may cause longitudinal deformation of the distal stent. Furthermore, the spinous elements may flip during balloon inflation, with the triangular cross-section rotating from facing the vessel wall to facing the balloon, compressing the balloon and weakening the stress concentration effect on the vessel wall. In the treatment of in-stent restenosis lesions, NSE combined with high-pressure non-compliant balloon predilation and DCB significantly reduced the proportion of balloon slippage exceeding 3 mm in the NSE group compared with the high-pressure non-compliant balloon group (7.9% vs 22.9%, p=0.002).